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Surge Couplers
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Surge Brake Actuator Systems work by the "surge" or "push" of the trailer toward the tow vehicle during deceleration which automatically synchronizes the trailer brakes with the tow vehicle brakes. As the trailer pushes against the vehicle, the actuator telescopes together and applies force to its master cylinder, supplying hydraulic pressure to the trailer brakes. When selecting an actuator, consider the application (disc or drum) and the towing capacity requirements.
WHAT IS A SURGE COUPLER?
Surge Couplers store brake fluid in a compartment which a master cylinder pushes through the brake line when stopping pressure is applied on the lever inside the coupler. Due to the lever that actuates the brake fluid, it is not possible to back up (go in reverse) with the tow vehicle and trailer. Backing up would put pressure on the lever and would simulate a braking situation - causing the brakes to lock up when you're trying to back up.
There are 2 types of Surge Couplers: one for Drum Brakes and one for Disc Brakes. The difference between them is how much pressure is pushed through the brake lines in order to optimize the brake type.